Zhēnyán箴言

Chapter 19

1 "action/conduct/behavior/activity"Xíngwéi行为 "genuine"chúnzhèng纯正 "(possessive, modifying, or descriptive particle)/of"de的 "poor/impoverished"pínqióng贫穷 "man/person/people"rén人，"excel"shèngguò胜过 "(of a child) obedient, well-behaved/clever"guāi乖 "absurd/erroneous"miù谬 "stupid"yú愚 "absurd/fantastic"wàng妄 "(possessive, modifying, or descriptive particle)/of"de的 "rich/plentiful"fùzú富足 "man/person/people"rén人。
2 "heart/mind"Xīn心 "ignorance"wúzhī无知 "to know/knowledge"shí识 "(possessive, modifying, or descriptive particle)/of"de的，"to be/thus/so/therefore/then/only/thereupon"nǎi乃 "act as/take...to be/to be/to do/to serve as/to become"wéi为 "bad/ill/not good at/not to be pooh-poohed/quite impressive"bùshàn不善。"footstep/step"Jiǎobù脚步 "hurried/worried"jí急 "fast/quick/swift"kuài快 "(possessive, modifying, or descriptive particle)/of"de的 "(adj) difficult to avoid or escape from"nánmiǎn难免 "(commit) crime/crime/offence"fànzuì犯罪。
3 "man/person/people"Rén人 "(possessive, modifying, or descriptive particle)/of"de的 "ignorant"yúmèi愚昧，"to overturn/to collapse/to lean/to tend/to incline/to pour out"qīng倾 "be defeated/to defeat/loss"bài败 "his"tāde他的 "direction/way/method/road/path/principle/truth/reason/skill/method/Tao (of Taoism)/a measure word/to say/to speak/to talk"dào道。"his"Tāde他的 "heart/mind"xīn心 "also/too"yě也 "complain/grumble"bàoyuàn抱怨 "Jehovah"Yēhéhuá耶和华。
4 "property/belongings"Cáiwù财物 "to make/to cause/to enable/to use/to employ/messenger"shǐ使 "friend"péngyou朋友 "to increase/to grow in number"zēngduō增多。"but/yet/however/only/merely/still"Dàn但 "poor people/the poor"qióngrén穷人 "friend"péngyou朋友 "removed from"yuǎnlí远离。
5 "to regard as/to take (somebody) for/to do/to make"Zuò作 "fake/false/artificial/to borrow/if/suppose"jiǎ假 "witness/testimony"jiànzhèng见证 "(possessive, modifying, or descriptive particle)/of"de的，"certainly/must/will/necessarily"bì必 "unavoidable"bùmiǎn不免 "to bear/to stand/to endure/(passive marker)/to receive"shòu受 "to punish/to penalize"fá罚。"to spit"Tǔ吐 "to go out/to come out/to occur/to produce/to go beyond/to rise/to put forth/to occur/to happen/(a measure word for dramas, plays, or operas)"chū出 "lie"huǎngyán谎言 "(possessive, modifying, or descriptive particle)/of"de的，"end/finish"zhōng终 "cannot/must not/should not"bùnéng不能 "to run away/to escape"táotuō逃脱。
6 "good/well"Hǎo好 "(surname)/distribute (alms)/to do/to execute/to carry out"shī施 "leisurely/loosen/powdered medicine/to scatter/to come loose"sǎn散 "(possessive, modifying, or descriptive particle)/of"de的，"to have/there is/there are/to exist/to be"yǒu有 "many/much/a lot of/numerous/multi-"duō多 "man/person/people"rén人 "to seek/to look for/to request/to demand/to beseech"qiú求 "his"tāde他的 "(n) deep affection"ēnqíng恩情。"to love/affection/to be fond of/to like"Ài爱 "give sb. a present/present a gift to sb."sònglǐ送礼 "(possessive, modifying, or descriptive particle)/of"de的，"man/person/people"rén人 "all/both (if two things are involved)/entirely (due to)each/even/already"dōu都 "act as/take...to be/to be/to do/to serve as/to become"wéi为 "his"tāde他的 "friend"péngyou朋友。
7 "poor/impoverished"Pínqióng贫穷 "man/person/people"rén人 "brother"dìxiōng弟兄 "all/both (if two things are involved)/entirely (due to)each/even/already"dōu都 "to hate"hèn恨 "he/him"tā他，"much less/let alone"hékuàng何况 "his"tāde他的 "friend"péngyou朋友，"farther"gèngyuǎn更远 "to leave/to depart/to go away/from"lí离 "he/him"tā他。"diversion"Tāyòng他用 "speech/talk"yányǔ言语 "to follow/to accompany"zhuīsuí追随，"they"tāmen他们 "but/yet/however/while/to go back/to decline/to retreat/nevertheless"què却 "to walk/to go/to move/to leave"zǒu走 "(modal particle intensifying preceding clause)/(completed action marker)"le了。
8 "a sentence particle used after a verb to show effect/degree or possibility"De得 "particle attached after verb to indicate action in progress, like -ing ending"zhe着 "wisdom/knowledge"zhìhuì智慧 "(possessive, modifying, or descriptive particle)/of"de的，"cherish/treasure/use sparingly"àixí爱惜 "life (force)"shēngmìng生命，"(politically) conservative/guard/keep"bǎoshǒu保守 "intelligent/bright/smart/clever"cōngmíng聪明 "(possessive, modifying, or descriptive particle)/of"de的，"must/have to"bìděi必得 "benefit/advantage"hǎochu好处。
9 "to regard as/to take (somebody) for/to do/to make"Zuò作 "fake/false/artificial/to borrow/if/suppose"jiǎ假 "witness/testimony"jiànzhèng见证 "(possessive, modifying, or descriptive particle)/of"de的，"unavoidable"bùmiǎn不免 "to bear/to stand/to endure/(passive marker)/to receive"shòu受 "to punish/to penalize"fá罚。"to spit"Tǔ吐 "to go out/to come out/to occur/to produce/to go beyond/to rise/to put forth/to occur/to happen/(a measure word for dramas, plays, or operas)"chū出 "lie"huǎngyán谎言 "(possessive, modifying, or descriptive particle)/of"de的，"also/too"yě也 "certainly/must/will/necessarily"bì必 "be destroyed/become extinct"mièwáng灭亡。
10 "ignorant"Yúmèi愚昧 "man/person/people"rén人 "feast/repose"yàn宴 "(surname)/music"yuè乐 "scratch out a difficult, meager existence"dùrì度日，"is/are/am/yes/to be"shì是 "not conform to/be unsuited to/be out of keeping with/should not/ought out"bùhé不合 "proper/should/suitable/appropriate"yí宜 "(possessive, modifying, or descriptive particle)/of"de的，"much less/let alone"hékuàng何况 "servant"púrén仆人 "administer/have jurisdiction (over)"guǎnxiá管辖 "prince/son of a king"wángzǐ王子 "(question particle)"ne呢？
11 "man/person/people"Rén人 "to have/there is/there are/to exist/to be"yǒu有 "(n) knowledge and experience/(v) increase one's knowledge"jiànshi见识，"at once/then/right away/only/(emphasis)/to approach/to move towards/to undertake"jiù就 "(negative prefix)/not/no"bù不 "easily/lightly/rashly"qīngyì轻易 "mad"fānù发怒。"forgive/forgiveness"Kuānshù宽恕 "man/person/people"rén人 "(possessive, modifying, or descriptive particle)/of"de的 "defect/fault"guòshī过失，"ordinary/plain/convenient/handy/easy/then/so/thus/to relieve oneself"biàn便 "is/are/am/yes/to be"shì是 "self/(reflexive pronoun)/own"zìjǐ自己 "(possessive, modifying, or descriptive particle)/of"de的 "honor/glory"róngyào荣耀。
12 "king/Wang (proper name)"Wáng王 "(possessive, modifying, or descriptive particle)/of"de的 "vehement"fèn忿 "indignant"nù怒，"(v) as if; seem like"hǎoxiàng好像 "lion"shīzi狮子 "roar (of a lion)"hǒu吼 "to call/to yell/to be called/to order"jiào叫。"his"Tāde他的 "grace"ēndiǎn恩典，"but/yet/however/while/to go back/to decline/to retreat/nevertheless"què却 "grassy"rúcǎo如草 "on/up/on top/upon/first (of two parts)/previous or last (week, etc.)/upper/higher/above/previous/to climb/to go into/above/to go up"shàng上 "(possessive, modifying, or descriptive particle)/of"de的 "(surname)/sweet/Qinghai province (abbrev.)"gān甘 "to show/to reveal/to expos/dew"lù露。
13 "ignorant"Yúmèi愚昧 "(possessive, modifying, or descriptive particle)/of"de的 "son"érzi儿子，"is/are/am/yes/to be"shì是 "father"fùqīn父亲 "(possessive, modifying, or descriptive particle)/of"de的 "disaster"huò祸 "misfortune/suffer (from illness)/trouble/danger/worry/to contract (a disease)"huàn患。"wife"Qīzi妻子 "(possessive, modifying, or descriptive particle)/of"de的 "dispute/strife"zhēngchǎo争吵，"as (if)/such as"rú如 "rain"yǔ雨 "(adv) repeatedly"liánlián连连 "a drop/to drip"dī滴 "funnel/to leak/to let out/to divulge"lòu漏。
14 "house/building"Fángwū房屋 "money"qiáncái钱财。"is/are/am/yes/to be"Shì是 "ancestor(s)/forebears"zǔzōng祖宗 "actually/place"suǒ所 "(leave or be a) legacy/left over/hand down (to next generation)"yíliú遗留 "(possessive, modifying, or descriptive particle)/of"de的。"-ism/only"Wéi惟 "to have/there is/there are/to exist/to be"yǒu有 "worthy (person)"xián贤 "intelligent"huì慧 "(possessive, modifying, or descriptive particle)/of"de的 "wife"qī妻，"is/are/am/yes/to be"shì是 "Jehovah"Yēhéhuá耶和华 "actually/place"suǒ所 "confer/bestow/grant"cì赐 "(possessive, modifying, or descriptive particle)/of"de的。
15 "idle/lazy"Lǎnduò懒惰 "to make/to cause/to enable/to use/to employ/messenger"shǐ使 "man/person/people"rén人 "submerge/immerse/sink/deep/profound/to lower/to drop"chén沉 "to sleep"shuì睡。"lax/negligent"Xiè懈 "idle/lazy/negligent/careless"dài怠 "(possessive, modifying, or descriptive particle)/of"de的 "man/person/people"rén人，"certainly/must/will/necessarily"bì必 "to bear/to stand/to endure/(passive marker)/to receive"shòu受 "hunger/hungry/starve"jī’è饥饿。
16 "cautious"Jǐn谨 "to guard"shǒu守 "commandment"jièmìng诫命 "(possessive, modifying, or descriptive particle)/of"de的，"save from damage/preserve/maintain/keep in good repair"bǎoquán保全 "life (force)"shēngmìng生命。"light/easy/gentle/soft/reckless/unimportant/frivolous/small in number/unstressed/neutral/soft"Qīng轻 "suddenly"hū忽 "6th heavenly stem/self"jǐ己 "(surname)/road/path/way"lù路 "(possessive, modifying, or descriptive particle)/of"de的，"certainly/must/will/necessarily"bì必 "deadly"zhìsǐ致死 "to die/to perish"wáng亡。
17 "pity"Liánmǐn怜悯 "poor/impoverished"pínqióng贫穷 "(possessive, modifying, or descriptive particle)/of"de的，"(emphasizes that something is precisely or exactly what is stated)/precisely/exactly/even/if/just like/in the same way as"jiùshì就是 "to lend/to borrow/excuse/pretext/by means of"jiè借 "to/for/for the benefit of/to give/to allow/to do sth (for sb)/(passive particle)"gěi给 "Jehovah"Yēhéhuá耶和华。"his"Tāde他的 "good"shàn善 "all right/capable/competent/OK/okay/to go/to do/to travel/temporary/to walk/to go/will do"xíng行，"Jehovah"Yēhéhuá耶和华 "certainly/must/will/necessarily"bì必 "repay"chánghuán偿还。
18 "avail oneself of/take advantage of"Chèn趁 "to have/there is/there are/to exist/to be"yǒu有 "(v) hope for; count on/(n) hope"zhǐwàng指望，"to discipline/to teach"guǎnjiào管教 "you"nǐ你 "(possessive, modifying, or descriptive particle)/of"de的 "son"érzi儿子。"you"Nǐ你 "(possessive, modifying, or descriptive particle)/of"de的 "heart/mind"xīn心 "cannot/should not/must not"bùkě不可 "to assign/to appoint/office/responsibility"rèn任 "he/him"tā他 "death/deadly"sǐwáng死亡。
19 "violent rage/fury"Bàonù暴怒 "(possessive, modifying, or descriptive particle)/of"de的 "man/person/people"rén人，"certainly/must/will/necessarily"bì必 "to bear/to stand/to endure/(passive marker)/to receive"shòu受 "sentence/penalty/punishment"xíngfá刑罚。"you"Nǐ你 "to seem/like/as/if"ruò若 "to save/to assist/to rescue"jiù救 "he/him"tā他，"to have to/must"bìxū必须 "again/once more/next in sequence/another"zài再 "to save/to assist/to rescue"jiù救。
20 "you"Nǐ你 "important/vital/to want/to be going to/must"yào要 "listen/hear/obey"tīng听 "to advise/to urge/to try to persuade/exhort"quàn劝 "religion/teaching"jiào教，"to bear/to stand/to endure/(passive marker)/to receive"shòu受 "example/pattern/to teach/to train/instruction"xùn训 "admonish/instruct"huì诲，"to make/to cause/to enable/to use/to employ/messenger"shǐ使 "you"nǐ你 "end/finish"zhōng终 "(long) time/(long) duration of time"jiǔ久 "to have/there is/there are/to exist/to be"yǒu有 "wisdom/knowledge"zhìhuì智慧。
21 "popular feeling/the will of the people"Rénxīn人心 "many/much/a lot of/numerous/multi-"duō多 "to have/there is/there are/to exist/to be"yǒu有 "to plan/to scheme"jìmóu计谋。"-ism/only"Wéi惟 "to have/there is/there are/to exist/to be"yǒu有 "Jehovah"Yēhéhuá耶和华 "(possessive, modifying, or descriptive particle)/of"de的 "a tally/counter/ticket/plan/devise/manage"chóu筹 "regard as/to figure/to calculate/to compute"suàn算，"talent/ability/capacity"cáinéng才能 "set up/to stand"lì立 "to set/to fix/to determine/to decide/to order"dìng定。
22 "to put in place/put into practice/take effect"Shīxíng施行 "benevolent/charitable/kind/kindly/kindness/merciful"réncí仁慈 "(possessive, modifying, or descriptive particle)/of"de的，"cause someone to (be, feel, etc)/reader"lìngrén令人 "adore/admire"àimù爱慕。"poor people/the poor"Qióngrén穷人 "strength/force/power/powerful/better"qiáng强 "as (if)/such as"rú如 "(v) lie; tell an untruth"shuōhuǎng说谎 "to speak/to say/talk/word"yán言 "(possessive, modifying, or descriptive particle)/of"de的。
23 "hold in awe and veneration; revere"Jìngwèi敬畏 "Jehovah"Yēhéhuá耶和华 "(possessive, modifying, or descriptive particle)/of"de的，"a sentence particle used after a verb to show effect/degree or possibility"de得 "particle attached after verb to indicate action in progress, like -ing ending"zhe着 "life (force)"shēngmìng生命。"he/him"Tā他 "certainly/must/will/necessarily"bì必 "permanent"héng恒 "(long) time/(long) duration of time"jiǔ久 "to know/to be aware"zhī知 "foot/to be sufficient"zú足，"(negative prefix)/not/no"bù不 "a time/incident/meet by chance/turn"zāo遭 "disaster"huò祸 "misfortune/suffer (from illness)/trouble/danger/worry/to contract (a disease)"huàn患。
24 "idle/lazy"Lǎnduò懒惰 "man/person/people"rén人 "let go/have a free hand/let go one's hold"fàngshǒu放手 "(located) at/in/exist/(before verbs) immediately involved in/right in the middle of doing"zài在 "tray/plate"pánzi盘子 "inside/internal/interior"lǐ里。"(emphasizes that something is precisely or exactly what is stated)/precisely/exactly/even/if/just like/in the same way as"Jiùshì就是 "direction/part/side/towards/to/guide/opposite to"xiàng向 "mouth/(a measure word)"kǒu口 "withdraw"chèhuí撤回，"he/him"tā他 "neither/nor"yěbù也不 "to agree/to consent/to be ready (to do sth)/willing"kěn肯。
25 "whip/lash/flog/thrash"Biāndǎ鞭打 "licentious"xiè亵 "slow"màn慢 "man/person/people"rén人，"stupid"yú愚 "dim sighted/ignorant"méng蒙 "man/person/people"rén人 "certainly/must/will/necessarily"bì必 "length/long/forever/always/constantly"cháng长 "(n) knowledge and experience/(v) increase one's knowledge"jiànshi见识。"blame/be critical of (someone)"Zébèi责备 "clear/bright/to understand/next/the Ming dynasty"míng明 "philosophy/wise"zhé哲 "man/person/people"rén人，"he/him"tā他 "at once/then/right away/only/(emphasis)/to approach/to move towards/to undertake"jiù就 "clear/obvious/unequivocal/to understand/to realize"míngbai明白 "intellectual/knowledge-related/knowledge"zhīshi知识。
26 "mistreatment"Nuèdài虐待 "father"fùqīn父亲，"expel"niǎn撵 "to go out/to come out/to occur/to produce/to go beyond/to rise/to put forth/to occur/to happen/(a measure word for dramas, plays, or operas)"chū出 "mother (formal)"mǔqīn母亲 "(possessive, modifying, or descriptive particle)/of"de的，"is/are/am/yes/to be"shì是 "bequeath"yí贻 "shy/ashamed/shame/bashful"xiū羞 "fine and close"zhì致 "disgrace/insult"rǔ辱 "(literary equivalent of 的)/(subor. part.)/him/her/it"zhī之 "11 p.m.-1 a.m./1st earthly branch/child/midnight/son/child/seed/egg/small thing"zǐ子。
27 "I/me"Wǒ我 "son"ér儿，"cannot/should not/must not"bùkě不可 "listen/hear/obey"tīng听 "(modal particle intensifying preceding clause)/(completed action marker)"le了 "(teach someone or learn a) lesson (i.e. obtain wisdom from an experience)"jiàoxun教训，"and/as well as/but (not)/yet (not)/(shows causal relation)/(shows change of state)/(shows contrast)"ér而 "(once) again/also/both... and.../again"yòu又 "deviate/diverge/wander"piānlí偏离 "intellectual/knowledge-related/knowledge"zhīshi知识 "(possessive, modifying, or descriptive particle)/of"de的 "speech/talk"yányǔ言语。
28 "gangster/bandit"Fěitú匪徒 "to regard as/to take (somebody) for/to do/to make"zuò作 "witness/testimony"jiànzhèng见证 "trick/drama/play/show"xì戏 "laugh/smile"xiào笑 "fair/impartial"gōngpíng公平。"nauseated"Ě恶 "man/person/people"rén人 "(possessive, modifying, or descriptive particle)/of"de的 "mouth/(a measure word)"kǒu口 "to swallow/to take"tūn吞 "under/second (of two parts)/next (week, etc.)/lower/below/underneath/down(wards)/to decline/to go down/latter"xià下 "guilt/crime/fault/blame/sin"zuì罪 "consequence of sin"niè孽。
29 "sentence/penalty/punishment"Xíngfá刑罚 "is/are/am/yes/to be"shì是 "act as/take...to be/to be/to do/to serve as/to become"wéi为 "licentious"xiè亵 "slow"màn慢 "man/person/people"rén人 "to prepare/to make ready/preparation/preparatory"yùbèi预备 "(possessive, modifying, or descriptive particle)/of"de的。"whip/lash/flog/thrash"Biāndǎ鞭打 "is/are/am/yes/to be"shì是 "act as/take...to be/to be/to do/to serve as/to become"wéi为 "ignorant"yúmèi愚昧 "man/person/people"rén人 "(possessive, modifying, or descriptive particle)/of"de的 "learn by heart/the back of the body"bèi背 "to prepare/to make ready/preparation/preparatory"yùbèi预备 "(possessive, modifying, or descriptive particle)/of"de的。